Despite increasing recognition of ADHD among incarcerated populations in Aotearoa New Zealand, limited research has explored how young adult male prisoners experience prison environments through the lens of neurodivergence. This study uses Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to investigate how incarcerated youth with ADHD perceive the impact of custodial settings on their ability to manage symptoms and express strengths associated with their diagnosis. Participants (aged 18–25) are being recruited from a New Zealand Prison, based on confirmed ADHD diagnoses. Through semi-structured interviews, the research explores four key areas: perceived support for managing ADHD symptoms; the role of prison environments in exacerbating or alleviating challenges; staff knowledge and responsiveness; and the ways in which ADHD-related strengths are experienced and expressed.

 

Preliminary insights suggest that rigid prison environments intensify challenges with emotional regulation, attention, and impulse control, while overlooking neurodivergent strengths. Constant noise, crowded units, and the need for hyper vigilance are exhausting, and limited outlets for excess energy make boredom a major issue. Access to programmes and activities helps ease these pressures, and clear, patient communication from staff greatly improves the experience for neurodivergent prisoners.

 

This research will contribute to a growing body of lived experience-informed inquiry and offers practical insights into how correctional environments can be adapted to better support neurodivergent youth. It highlights the need for trauma-informed, person-centred, and rehabilitative approaches that promote wellbeing, desistance, and inclusion.